The Ottoman sultan was deposed and Kemal became the first president of the Turkish Republic. The following year, advancing on Greek-occupied Smyrna (now Izmir), he routed the Greek armies at the battle of Dumlupinar, driving them out of Anatolia. Heading a revolutionary government based in Ankara, in the summer of 1921, he successfully resisted a Greek offensive on the line of the Sakarya River. In 1919, Kemal emerged as the leader of nationalist opposition to punitive peace terms and the occupation of parts of Turkey by Greek and other foreign armies. The remaining years of the war gave him few chances to shine, but he emerged from defeats in both the Caucasus and Palestine with more credit than other Turkish generals. When he was 12 years old, Mustafa was sent to the military academy in Istanbul. Mustafa Kemal synonyms, Mustafa Kemal pronunciation, Mustafa Kemal translation, English dictionary definition of Mustafa Kemal.
His determination to hold ground regardless of cost turned Kemal into a national hero. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born simply 'Mustafa' on March 12, 1881, in Salonika, in what was then the Ottoman Empire (his birthplace is now known as Thessalonika, in modern-day Greece). Commanding the Turkish 19th Division, Kemal led resistance to the Allied landings at Gallipoli from April 1915. He saw action in Libya and the Balkans before Turkey's entry into World War I as an ally of Germany in October 1914.
The founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal was originally a career officer in the army of the Ottoman Empire. Ataturk served as president until his death in 1938, and his Republican People's Party (MHP) would remain a major party for decades to come. He was given the epithet "Ataturk", meaning "father of the Turks", for establishing the secular republic that became Turkey. Born Mustafa Kemal, he led the Turkish nationalist resistance against the Allied Powers' occupation of Asia Minor following World War I, defeating Greece and the other foreign armies. Following the Turkish triumph at the two major battles at Inonu in Western Turkey, the Grand National Assembly conferred on Mustafa Kemal Pasha the title of Commander-in-Chief with the rank of Marshal. Fighting on many fronts, he led his forces to victory against rebels and invading armies. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (-10 November 1938) was President of Turkey from 29 October 1923 to 10 November 1938, preceding Ismet Inonu. Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected to its Presidency.
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